高油价是把双刃剑
据媒体报道称,2012年刚开始,在伊朗局势不稳、与美国争执叫板的刺激下,国际油价显著上升,美国纽交所轻质原油2月期货结算价每桶达到100美元以上,创下去年11月15日以来的最高价格。
石油作为一种当今全球社会经济生活中不可缺少的必需品,其价格的动荡升跌已严重影响到了各国政治经济的稳定及百姓生活的安居乐业,对中国经济中长期稳定持续 增长的影响尤为重大。成也油价,败也油价。近几年来全球经济的萧条和复苏,中国宏观及微观实体经济的稳定增长很大程度上已不得不看油价升跌的脸色。客观上讲,高油价是把双刃剑,对全球及中国经济有利有弊,关键是在于怎么样权衡、把握和利用高油价的市场经济环境。高油价使用得当,事半功倍,使用不当,无疑会造成杀敌一万自损三千的尴尬局面。
从2012年全球及中国经济发展来看,影响经济的最重大不确定因素无疑是油价的大幅度动荡升跌。石油作为一种特殊而重要的国际商品,全球经济增长、科学技术进步、产业结构变化、地缘政治、库存、替代能源等都会对油价产生重大影响,导致目前全球范围内高油价的主要原因是:第一,供求关系的不稳定是高油价根源,油价对供求关系极其敏感,历来很小的供求关系波动就会造成油价的大幅变动;第二,为刺激经济强劲复苏,美联储和欧洲央行量化宽松地注入流动性的货币政策;第三,国际资本游资对油价的人为性操控;第四,伊朗局势的不稳定造成的地缘政治风险起到了对全球油价推波助澜的作用。
随着经济稳定及发展对石油的依赖性日益增加,高油价必然对市场经济生活产生各种各样的制约和影响,有利有弊,平衡协调发展显得尤其重要。
高油价格局最突出的有利之处在于:第一,与全球及中国经济复苏走强相辅相成,经济走强能推动油价上涨,反过来高油价尤如“强心针”能强劲刺激经济反弹;第二,高油价所带来的乐观化情绪能加强全球投资者对经济未来前景的信心;第三,有助于部分产油国走出经济危机的阴影,如2005年俄罗斯经济的强劲复苏,2005年俄罗斯每天的石油收益增长高达6.97亿美元。第四,高油价强劲刺激了全球替代能源及节能型产业的高速发展,有利于产业结构性重大调整。
而高油价的根本性弊端是:第一,对全球商品尤其是中国的工业品成本价格起到了助推作用,难免会产生全球性通胀在各地区广泛流动;第二,纽交所轻质原油2月期货结算价每桶达到100美元以上,则意味着2012年资源价格还会上涨,中国是消耗能源的大国,过高的油价对中国经济的增长肯定是有消极影响;第三,高油价导致的资源价格高涨会让中国当前的宏观调控、货币紧缩政策实行的效果大打折扣;第四,中国已是全球能源消费增长最快的国家,石油对外依存度超过50%,长期居高不下每桶100美元以上的高油价会造成中国经济的大幅动荡。
高油价是把双刃剑,关键看在实际经济生活中如何平衡协调发展。2012年是中国经济产业结构性调整最关键的一年,面临着增长、结构性调整和通胀三者之间的平衡,总体上分析,油价还是中长期稳定些、略加走低些才利好中国经济。有效平衡发展高油价环境下的中国微观实体经济及大量中小企业的良性循环生存,较佳的办法是:首先利用油价走低的短暂时机大量提高石油战略储备,对于较为依赖石油进口的中国而言,这是回避高油价负面影响的最佳策略;其次是对政府而言,要摆脱高油价的不利影响,应将清洁能源、高节能型能源、新能源产业的发展作为重大经济战略进行规划及实施;第三,成品油定价机制改革是大势所趋,应尽快趋向完全市场化,这是优化平衡协调国内石油资源的好办法。www.rlyou.com
精准.石油.论坛 forum.petro-china.com
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高油价是把双刃剑
#2
ytlee
发表于 01-19-2012 - 21:44
精准.石油.论坛 forum.petro-china.com
High prices are bad for the oil&gas industry.
The high prices will give a short burst of energy to the industry but bring longer period of hurts and creat waves of causalities.
The boom & bust cycles are well documented in our industry but worth the reminder to everyone who are in the O&G or plan to join O&G.
At the start of the prices boom, the industry will overhire and over pay to attract workers. The speculators will pour tons of money into the overheating market driving the prices even higher. When the economy can't substain, the speculators withdraw the capital and the market crash. Those who just join the industry will face the nuclear winter. The winter also take out the weaker companies that add to further damage to the industry.
Other than the human causalties for those in the industry, it also creates an bad reputation for the industry. The general public look at the windfall which the speculator took as industry greed. Younger generation who prefer green career would not even consider O&G career. Those who were foolish to join can't substain nuclear winters every 3-5 years. Few left if not shell shy are overworked to holdup the industry. But the hardy few are getting old. The industry recognizes the technology transfer issues and has tried to address it. Unfortunately, as before, the management throw money to attract qualified students. Again, as before the money attracted the wrong mix of students. Students who come to the industry with dollar signs in their eyes are just placerholder for the next unemployment roll. But their number overwork the mentors and dilute the transfer campaign.
Other than human resource in O&G, the up & down cycle make the field planning impossible. When you add violatilty to field planning, the field performance will suffer which in turn impact the service, transportation, green energy sectors . In short, the cycle will impact multiple industry and the global economy.
To me, the high prices are more than double edge, it is multi-edges and will do more harm than good for O&G.
精准.石油.论坛 forum.petro-china.comThe high prices will give a short burst of energy to the industry but bring longer period of hurts and creat waves of causalities.
The boom & bust cycles are well documented in our industry but worth the reminder to everyone who are in the O&G or plan to join O&G.
At the start of the prices boom, the industry will overhire and over pay to attract workers. The speculators will pour tons of money into the overheating market driving the prices even higher. When the economy can't substain, the speculators withdraw the capital and the market crash. Those who just join the industry will face the nuclear winter. The winter also take out the weaker companies that add to further damage to the industry.
Other than the human causalties for those in the industry, it also creates an bad reputation for the industry. The general public look at the windfall which the speculator took as industry greed. Younger generation who prefer green career would not even consider O&G career. Those who were foolish to join can't substain nuclear winters every 3-5 years. Few left if not shell shy are overworked to holdup the industry. But the hardy few are getting old. The industry recognizes the technology transfer issues and has tried to address it. Unfortunately, as before, the management throw money to attract qualified students. Again, as before the money attracted the wrong mix of students. Students who come to the industry with dollar signs in their eyes are just placerholder for the next unemployment roll. But their number overwork the mentors and dilute the transfer campaign.
Other than human resource in O&G, the up & down cycle make the field planning impossible. When you add violatilty to field planning, the field performance will suffer which in turn impact the service, transportation, green energy sectors . In short, the cycle will impact multiple industry and the global economy.
To me, the high prices are more than double edge, it is multi-edges and will do more harm than good for O&G.
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