我国的管道
种类/管道新项目
名称 长度
原油管道工程
中俄原油管道、大庆-锦州、独山子-鄯善、兰州-成都、石空-兰州、河间-石家庄、日照-仪征等 4,000千米
成品油管道工程 兰州-郑州-长沙、锦州-石家庄-长沙成品油干线管道以及华北、长三角、东南沿海和沿江地区等区域, 约1万公
新增输油能力约8,400万吨/年里
天然气管道工程 川气东送、西气东输二线、东北天然气管网、进口输气管线、沿海管线及完善区域管网 约1万公里
预计到2010年全国天然气管道的总长度将达4万公里
中国管道工业的发展,至2008年已有50年的历史,先后出现过三次建设高潮。2007年8月,伴随着兰郑长成品油管线和川气东送天然气管线的正式开工,中国迎来了以西气东输二线和中俄管线为标志的第四个管道建设高峰期。
中国已建成长输油气管道总长度超过5万公里,其中天然气管道约3万公里,原油管道约1.7万公里,成品油管道约7,000公里。
中国原油管道始建于1958年,经过多年建设之后,已形成了东北、华北和西北多个区域性管网。
2007年6月30日,西部原油管道正式投产试运。这是继2006年9月25日同沟敷设的成品油管道投产成功以来,西部管道工程建设取得的又一重大胜利。
总体投资约150亿元,是目前国内运输距离最长、设计压力最高、设计输量最大、自动化程度最高、参建队伍最多的输油管道之一。管道起点为新疆乌鲁木齐市,终点为甘肃省兰州市,整个工程新建管道总长近4,000公里,原油管道干线设计输量2,000万吨/年,成品油管道干线设计输量1,000万吨/年。西部管道全线共设13座站场。
西部管道工程建成投产后,将与中哈石油管道共同组成“西油东送”战略通道,将以现代化的管道运输替代原有的铁路运输,把新疆境内、甘肃境内和东部地区、西南地区的输油管道以及石油、石化销售企业连接起来,实现西部资源与东部市场的对接。对实现中国能源供应多元化,保障能源供应安全,促进新疆、甘肃两省区优势产业的发展,带动中西部地区经济又好又快发展都具有十分重要的意义。
俄罗斯“东西伯利亚-太平洋” 长4,770公里,中国境内支线全长965公里,由中方投资建设,东太平洋管道一期工程2,400公里,规划在2008年年底前建成。
在大力建设原油管道的同时,中国的成品油管道建设也在加速推进。
2007年8月16日,北京汉华国际饭店,中国石油天然气管道局局长苏士峰从中国石油集团公司副总经理廖永远手中接过了兰郑长管道项目EPC总承包的授标书。兰郑长成品油管道至此进入了实施阶段。
该工程西起甘肃省兰州市,途经陕、豫、鄂3省,终点为湖南省长沙市。干线全长2,148.4公里,16条支线累计长698.2公里。这是目前中国石油规划建设的最长的成品油管道工程。
兰郑长管道工程是中国石油实现“西油东送”战略的开篇之作。它的建设,有利于缓解兰州成品油的外运压力,降低运输成本,加快形成“北油南调”、“西油东送”的成品油运销网络;可实现资源与市场的对接,促进东西部地区的协调可持续发展。它还是中国石油集团实行建管分开后实施的第一个管道建设项目。
2007年6月1日,中国石油投资建设的港枣管道进入试输油阶段。港枣成品油管道北起天津大港石化,南至山东省枣庄市,干支线全长647公里,中间设有德州、济南、肥城、兖州等分输站,年输送能力300万吨。港枣成品油管道的建成和运行将大大改善山东省成品油供应紧张的局面,促进山东省经济发展,同时拓宽中国石油油品销售渠道。
2007年9月2日,中国石化投资建设的河南首条长距离成品油管道--洛郑驻管道顺利投入全线运行。该管道全长425公里,设计年输油量为390万吨,起点为洛阳石化总厂,途经洛阳、郑州、许昌、漯河、驻马店等15个市区县。
洛郑驻管道顺利建成投油,结束了河南这个能源需求大省没有长距离成品油管道的历史,为缓解洛阳石化产品铁路运输压力,具有重要的战略意义。
石太成品油管道是华北成品油管网的重要组成部分,全长316公里,经过石家庄、阳泉、晋中、太原4市和13个县区,工程即将完工,将在很大程度上缓解冀晋两省成品油供应紧缺矛盾,解决冀晋两省成品油供应过程中运距长、运价高、公路铁路运力紧张等问题,为两省成品油市场供应提供可靠的资源保障,促进管道沿线地区的经济发展。
经过近几年的加速建设,目前中国已建成包括兰成渝、西南、珠三角、西部管道在内的长距离成品油管线约7,000公里,十一五期间,中国成品油管道将得到极大的发展,主要将建设。这些管道建成后,中国将逐渐形成成品油区域网络。
2007年8月31日,西起四川省普光,东至上海,干线全长1,700公里的天然气管道项目----国家川气东送工程在京宣布开工。
该工程由中国石化股份公司负责投资建设及运营,总投资627亿元,项目以普光气田为主供气源,川气东送工程在合理供应川渝用气的前提下,主要供应江苏、浙江和上海,兼顾沿线的湖北、安徽及江西。预计到2010年底建成年产净化天然气120亿立方米的生产能力。
川气东送是继西气东输之后中国兴建的又一条能源大动脉,对促进能源结构调整,推动西部资源优势转化为经济优势具有重要意义。
与此同时,更加吸引商家目光的是一条来自中亚的天然气管线。2007年7月17日,中国石油天然气集团公司与土库曼斯坦签署了天然气合作协议,中国石油获得了世界最大天然气田--土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸巨型气田钻探权。与此相应,中国石油将兴建一条运输该气田天然气的西气东输二线。
2007年10月30日,中国石油正式对外宣布,该公司已经得到国家批准开展西气东输二线工程的可行性研究,正在抓紧时间开展西气东输二线管道工程项目前期工作,线路走向方案已基本确定。
承担境外运输的中亚管线将从土库曼斯坦北部起,经过乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦,到中国的霍尔果斯,该管线长度不超过2,000公里,年输气能力在300亿立方米。与此相接的西气东输二线管道西起新疆的霍尔果斯,经西安、南昌,南下广州,东至上海,途经新疆、甘肃、宁夏、陕西、河南、安徽、湖北、湖南、江西、广西、广东、浙江和上海13个省、自治区、直辖市。干线全长4,859公里,加上若干条支线,管道总长度超过7,000公里。初步方案确定,西气东输二线干线管道设计输气规模300亿立方米/年,计划2008年全线开工,2010年建成通气。
西气东输二线管道主供气源为引进土库曼斯坦、哈萨克斯坦等中亚国家的天然气,国内气源作为备用和补充气源。该管线投资将超过1,000亿元。据中国石油集团专家测算,西气东输二线管道建成后,可将中国天然气消费比例提高1至2个百分点。
西气东输二线管道是确保国家油气供应安全的重大骨干工程。它将中亚天然气与中国经济发达的珠三角和长三角地区相连,同时实现塔里木、准噶尔、吐哈和鄂尔多斯盆地天然气资源联网,对于改善中国能源结构,保障天然气供应,促进节能减排,推动国际能源合作互利共赢具有重大的意义。
经过近几年的加速建设,目前,中国天然气管道已超过3万公里,随着西气东输、忠武、涩宁兰、陕京一线和二线等管线的建成投产,川气东送等开工建设,以及西气东输二线项目前期工作的深入开展,一个覆盖全国的天然气管网已逐步形成。
中国能源发展十一五规划提出,天然气占一次能源消费总量的比例将在5年内提高2.5个百分点,到2010年达到5.3%。
NORTHBOROUGH, Mass., Oct. 10 /PRNewswire/ -- Aspen Aerogels has been awarded a contract to supply its advanced Spaceloft aerogel insulation for a 21-kilometer, undersea natural gas pipeline being built by Technip for Petrobras in Brazil.
The rigid pipeline will connect the Canapu field (1,700 meters deep) to the Cidade de Vitoria floating production facility (1,400 meters deep). Technip will install the pipeline in the fourth quarter of 2008 for Brazilian state-run oil company Petrobras.
This will be the first pipeline in Brazil to use a pipe-in-pipe design (production pipe surrounded by carrier pipe with insulation in between). Technip chose Spaceloft insulation because it offers the lowest thermal conductivity while being much thinner than other pipe insulations. This means the outer carrier pipe can be smaller, saving substantially on steel weight over the 21-kilometer line. Spaceloft comes in flexible blanket form, which simplifies installation. The insulation will be installed at Technip''s spoolbase in Mobile, Ala.
"Aspen Aerogels'' relationship with Technip has been based on delivering performance and customer satisfaction, which will continue on this exciting project," said Don Young, Aspen Aerogels president and CEO. "We look forward to growing our new relationship with Petrobras in the same way while supporting its future deep and ultra-deep pipeline insulation needs."
Aspen Aerogels has extensive experience insulating oil and gas pipelines and reservoirs operating between cryogenic temperatures (for liquefied natural gas) and 650 degrees Celsius. This includes projects in West Africa, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea and the Canadian Oil Sands. The company is finalizing new projects in the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
About Aspen Aerogels Inc.
Aspen Aerogels supplies nanotechnology-enabled aerogel insulation products that are two to four times more effective than traditional insulation materials. Aspen Aerogels'' solutions deliver thermal and other benefits that enable customers to conserve energy and save money in a variety of industries. Visit www.aerogel.com for details.
About Technip
Technip ranks among the top five corporations in the field of oil, gas and petrochemical engineering, construction and services. The Group is headquartered in Paris. The Group''s main operations, engineering centers and business units are located in France, Italy, Germany, the UK, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands, the USA, Brazil, Abu-Dhabi, China, India, Malaysia and Australia.
Source: Aspen Aerogels Inc.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for installing an offshore pipeline, comprising:
structurally connecting an inner pipe and an outer at a terminal end of a pipe-in-pipe flowline having an annulus between the inner and outer pipes;
placing centralizers in the annulus to prevent buckling of the inner pipe which takes lateral support from the outer pipe;
suspending the working end of the pipeline under construction in a substantially vertical position within slips at the weld floor of a J-lay installation barge;
adding a section of inner pipe, comprising:
grasping a section of inner pipe, orienting the section of inner pipe to a vertical position;
bringing the section of inner pipe into abutting position with the inner pipe at the working end of the pipeline under construction;
welding the section of inner pipe to the inner pipe of the working end of the pipeline under construction; and
coating the inner pipe with an arc resistant material;
adding a section of outer pipe, comprising:
grasping a section of outer pipe, orienting the section of outer pipe to a vertical orientation;
sliding a section of the outer pipe down over the section of inner pipe just welded to the working end of the pipeline under construction;
bringing the section of outer pipe into abutting position with the working end of the pipeline under construction; and
welding the section of outer pipe to the outer pipe of the working end of the pipeline under construction presented through the slips at the weld floor of the installation barge;
advancing the end of the working end of the pipeline through the slips to bring the end of the section of outer pipe added adjacent the weld floor; and
repeating the foregoing steps to add additional sections of inner and outer pipe as necessary to complete the pipeline.
2. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 1 wherein grasping a section of inner pipe comprises connecting an internal plug within an end of the section of inner pipe.
3. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 2 wherein grasping a section of outer pipe comprises engaging a collar / elevator about a shoulder presented on an end of the section of outer pipe.
4. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 3 wherein the sections of inner and outer pipe are grasped concentrically and brought into position over the working end of the pipeline under construction.
5. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 4 further, comprising taking steps to prevent water and debris from entering the annulus between the inner and outer pipes during construction.
6. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 5 wherein coating the weld at the inner pipe with an arc resistant material comprises sealing the weld with a shrink sleeve.
7. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 6, further comprising installing insulated panels over the shrink sleeve.
8. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 7, wherein the insulated panels between the two welds comprise a high temperature thermal insulation material.
9. A method for installing an offshore pipeline in accordance with claim 1, further comprising providing a corrosion coating over the outside of the weld joining the section of outer pipe to the outer pipe of the working end of the pipeline.
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